Hyperbaric Therapy for Diabetes
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been explored as a potential adjunctive treatment for diabetic patients, particularly those with chronic wounds and foot ulcers. While the evidence is not yet conclusive, here are some key findings:
Efficacy: A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials found that HBOT was significantly effective in promoting complete healing of diabetic foot ulcers (OR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.14–0.61) and reducing major amputations (RR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.39–0.92). However, the evidence was less convincing for minor amputations (RR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.34–1.97).
Mechanisms: HBOT may improve insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression in muscle and stimulating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue. Additionally, HBOT may enhance glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Clinical applications: HBOT has been used to treat diabetic foot wounds, with reported benefits including:
Improved wound healing rates
Reduced wound size and depth
Decreased risk of amputation
Enhanced tissue oxygenation and perfusion
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